An Analysis of The Spatial and Functional Requirements of the Knowledge-Based City Case Study: Tehran City

Today, knowledge-based urban development (KBUD) is a model of development that seeks to achieve sustainability components through the strengthening of urban knowledge-based foundations to provide the grounds for continuous growth and development of the city by continuously injecting knowledge into productive activities. The purpose of this research is to identify and rank effective spatial and functional requirements to transform Tehran into a knowledge-based city. This research is based on a developmental-applicative goal in terms of nature and analytical-exploratory method. According to the purpose of the research, which is to identify the spatial and functional requirements of a Knowledge-based city, a combined documentary and field method was used to collect the necessary information, which is done in two main parts, descriptive and analytical. To compare and rank the identified spatial and functional requirements, the improved fuzzy hierarchical analysis model or fuzzy Buckley was used. The results of this research indicated that to transform the city of Tehran into a knowledge-based city, in the field of variable spatial requirements, the "multiplicity of knowledge-based companies" with a weight of 0.167 was the most important requirement for transforming the city of Tehran into a knowledge-based city after that, "development of knowledge-based industries" and "the existence of science and technology parks" are ranked in the next important positions with 0.148 and 0.133 ranks respectively, with a score of 0.163, the variable "absence of obstacles to the establishment of knowledge-based businesses" with a score of 0.144 and the variable "the presence of a field for attracting knowledge-based personnel" with a final score of 0.130 is in the first to third places of importance for transforming the city of Tehran into a knowledge-based city, respectively. In the end, some suggestions were made to achieve this goal.
 
Extended Abstract
1-Introduction
During the last decade in Iran, with the establishment of knowledge-based companies, science and technology parks, and the expansion of universities in the country, significant progress has been made in the direction of creating the necessary infrastructure for the development of knowledge-based cities, so that currently, in terms of the per capita use of higher education and distribution, the country of Iran Their space at the level of the cities and provinces of the country has a good situation at the global level, if in the context of issues related to sustainability and the role of the country's education system in the field of increasing and stabilizing urban incomes, such as the share in the field of gross domestic product, there should be a connection with the industry and foundation. It is not in a suitable position for the production and growth of creativity and innovation at the global level.
Due to its political, economic, and administrative situation, the city of Tehran hosts more than 40% of the country's knowledge-based companies that operate in various fields such as biotechnology, information and communication technology, commercialization services, etc., most of them in scientific centers such as universities and Research institutes have a focus, which is always known as the key factors and drivers of knowledge-based cities. In addition to that, the city of Tehran has the best universities and research institutes in the country, both quantitatively and qualitatively, including Tehran University, Shahid Beheshti University, Sharif University, and various scientific think tanks. But the evidence shows that until today this important thing has not been done, and the most important reasons for that are the following:
- Lack of effective interaction between Tehran universities in the field of knowledge and services
- Lack of continuous and efficient communication between universities and industries in Tehran;
- Lack of a specific and efficient institution to identify efficient university graduates and employ them in the industry;
- Inadequate work of upstream institutions such as governorate, city council, municipality, etc. in the field of communication with universities and research institutions.
 
2-Materials and Methods
This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. According to the purpose of the research, which is to identify the spatial and functional requirements of the knowledge-based city of Tehran, a combined documentary and field method was used to collect the necessary information, which was carried out in two major parts, descriptive and analytical. In the descriptive part based on library and document studies; The information and data required for the research are collected from scientific sources and existing research centers, relevant institutions in various ministries, organizations, and departments (management and planning organization, scientific and technological vice president, etc.). In the analytical part, by using the collected quantitative data, as well as the questionnaire made by the researcher and expert evaluation from the specialists and academic experts and relevant organizations, whose identification was done in a non-random way and through the snowball method, the necessary information was collected and finally based on the fuzzy model. The final indicators were optimized, weighted, and ranked.
 
3- Results and Discussion
In this research, to evaluate the functional-spatial requirements of transforming Tehran into a knowledge-based city, by examining theoretical sources, consulting with experts, and previous research, the most important spatial and functional requirements were collected in two separate sections. These indicators are classified separately in the form of two different categories of spatial requirements (22 indicators) and functional requirements (27 indicators) and separate matrices are designed for comparing two by two and finally ranking the variables of each and it was given to the elites participating in the research process.
Spatial requirements of the knowledge-based city:
The findings of the spatial requirements section showed that among the 22 spatial requirements examined to transform Tehran into a knowledge-based city, the variable "number of knowledge-based companies" with a weight of 0.167 is the most important requirement for transforming Tehran into an It is a knowledge-based city. After that, "Development of knowledge-based industries" and "Existence of Science and Technology Parks" are in the next important positions with 0.148 and 0.133 ranks, respectively.
Functional requirements of the knowledge-based city:
The findings of this section have shown, among the functional requirements of transforming Tehran into a knowledge-based city, the variable "existence of a sense of risk-taking in knowledge-based businesses" with a score of 0.163, the variable "absence of obstacles to establishing knowledge-based businesses" with a score of 0.144 and The variable "the existence of a field for attracting knowledge-based forces" with a final score of 0.130 is in the first to third places of importance for transforming Tehran into a knowledge-based city.
 
 
4- Conclusion
The results of this research in the area of spatial requirements necessary to transform Tehran into a knowledge-based city showed that among the 20 items examined in this section; The items that work directly in the field of innovative and creative activities and productions are placed at the highest level of priority. In other words, the "multiplicity of knowledge-based companies", "development of knowledge-based industries" and "the existence of science and technology parks" are the most important requirements for transforming Tehran into a knowledge-based city in terms of spatial requirements. The results of the research in the field of functional requirements also showed that among more than 25 items that were compared in pairs, the items that were in the first to third priorities were all influenced by the will of the city management to realize such cities were located. In other words, "the existence of a sense of risk-taking in knowledge-based jobs", "the absence of barriers to the establishment of knowledge-based jobs" and "the existence of a field to attract knowledge workers" depends on the political will of the city administration, and if there is no support from the relevant authorities and solving the previous challenges It is not possible to transform Tehran into a knowledge-based city.