Identifying the Theoretical Framework of Structural and Institutional Approaches to Community-Based Disaster Management using the Meta-Synthesis Method

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors

Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

In the new era, various disasters have cast a shadow on the lives of societies. In fact, today no society can be immune from disaster and its short and long-term consequences. Community-based disaster risk management is used as a new method in disaster management for the participation of all sections of society and is one of the new approaches in the field of risks. From this perspective, reducing the risk of disaster is a goal, and its main strategy is to improve the capacities and resources of vulnerable groups in society and reduce their vulnerability in dealing with future disasters. Sub-approaches of community-based disaster management; include the structural approach and institutional approach. The structural approach emphasizes socio-economic structures and its planning model is supportive. The institutional approach is based on the concept of resilience and its planning model is cooperative. In this research, in order to find, identify and extract the main components of community-based disaster management, the method of qualitative content analysis was used with a descriptive approach and using the meta-synthesis method through library studies, and the purpose of that is to categorize the components and factors of community-based disaster management sub-approaches under the title of structural approach and institutional approach. For this purpose, the components and factors of sub-approaches have been identified and then classified by MAXQDA software. The statistical population of the research consists of scientific research articles published in databases, domestic and foreign publications related to the research subject, from 2000 to 2020. Based on the results, a total of 569 codes were identified in the MAXQDA software environment, of which 324 codes are related to the components of the structural approach and 245 codes are related to the components of the institutional approach of community-based disaster management.
Extended Abstract
1-Introduction
Despite the efforts made in many countries to reduce risk; The damages, costs, and negative effects of many disasters are increasing. Therefore, only through proper planning and the use of new management methods and dimensions, it is possible to reduce various consequences and damages caused by them. Some studies show that in human societies, risk reduction mechanisms are usually not carried out voluntarily by the people, and the reason for this is that most people think that the only preventive measures of the government make them safe. This attitude is the result of mastering the modern approach to the disaster management system. But what is certain is that today, due to the ineffectiveness of the modern approach in the field of disaster management, which is the result of the dominance of the top-down perspective; The community-based approach is the principle and an accepted approach in this field. Community-based disaster risk management is a collaborative approach that aims to reduce vulnerability and strengthen people's capacity to deal with disasters by increasing resilience at local levels, as well as minimizing human suffering, and accelerating the recovery period. Therefore, identifying the theoretical and practical components and using the theoretical frameworks of this approach is effective in reducing the effects of possible natural hazards in urban areas and promoting urban sustainability. Sub-approaches of community-based disaster management; include the structural approach and institutional approach. The structural approach emphasizes socio-economic structures and its planning model is supportive. Structure-based thinking in the field of crisis management emphasizes that individuals and societies evaluate the constraints that have been created for themselves or imposed and implemented on them in the form of social, economic, political, therapeutic, environmental, organizational institutions and evaluate their impact in reducing risks and reducing vulnerability. The institutional approach is based on the concept of resilience and its planning model is cooperative. The idea of a collaborative planning process is an unlimited exchange of ideas based on democracy. According to this model, institutional processes should facilitate cooperation, mutual learning, and reaching a consensus, and stakeholders with different interests should cooperate with each other to prepare the plan, without the supervision of the institutions that traditionally controlled the planning processes.
 2-Materials and Methods
In this research, in order to find, identify and extract the main components of community-based disaster management, the method of qualitative content analysis was used with a descriptive approach and using the meta-synthesis method through library studies, and the purpose of that is to categorize the components and factors of community-based disaster management sub-approaches. For this purpose, the components and factors of social crisis management sub-approaches have been identified and then classified by MAXQDA software. The statistical population of the research consists of scientific research articles published in databases, domestic and foreign publications related to the research subject, from 2000 to 2020. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to measure reliability. This coefficient was calculated as 0.751 for the components of the structural approach of community-based disaster management and 0.765 for the components of the institutional approach of community-based disaster management, which indicates a high agreement between the reviewers. In the current research, a total of 120 articles have been selected as a sample, 62 articles were studied for structural approach codes and 58 articles were studied for institutional approach codes, and all articles and components were approved by experts.
 3- Results and Discussion
Based on the results, a total of 569 codes were identified in the MAXQDA software environment, of which 324 codes are related to the components of the structural approach and 245 codes are related to the components of the institutional approach of community-based disaster management. Among the codes identified in the structural approach; The method of internal and external communication (19 references), the description of the duties of related organizations (20 references), and the allocation of logistics reinforcement credits (14 references) were among the most important codes identified. In the institutional approach, the quality of disaster management training (16 references), the use of people's participation in disaster prevention plans (17 references), the willingness of people to solve each other's problems (12 references) are among the most important codes.
 
4- Conclusion
According to the literature review, we find that in the articles that have been studied; Determining the indicators and dimensions of community-oriented crisis management has not been done coherently and each article has only studied a part of the issue of community-based disaster management, or they have focused only on one of the phases of disaster management (before, during and after the disaster). Therefore, the current research has tried to identify and present all the factors and indicators that are effective in community-based disaster management in two structural and institutional sub-approaches that can be used and applied in all phases of disaster management.

Keywords

Main Subjects

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Geography and Environmental Sustainability
Volume 13, Issue 3 - Serial Number 48
September 2023
Pages 105-137

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