Evaluation of Morphometric Factors on the Distribution of Debris: A Case Study on the Attica Ripples on the South of Paveh- Kermanshah Province, Iran

Scree slopes are the evidence of rock behavior against the fluctuations of temperature and humidity.The goal is to determine the contribution of geomorphologic and solar radiation factors to the distribution of destructive evidence. In the study area, there are many debris with bright, uncoated tones. Initially, 414 scree slope zones were identified by classification method on a remote sensing image. Then, in order to investigate the effect of environmental factors on variance distribution, slope parameters, amplitudes, curvature, elevation classes and solar radiation were extracted using DEM and ArcGIS spatial analysis functions. The slope factor in five Classes, direction the eight-class aspect, solar radiation, was classified into five classes and curvature, and the characteristics of these parameters were assigned to scree slopes and non-scree slopes boundaries. Besides, some points were randomly selected for non-scree slopes areas. Their morphological data were calculated to ensure that the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test data were normal. Data of non-scree slope locations were detected at a confidence level of  p-value> 0.15 normal, but the data transformation after the conversion of the box-cox were normalized (p-value> 0.13) .The mean comparison of each parameter was done by ANOVA method. The variance between the dependent variable and slope factors, direction of aspect, altitude, ground curvature, mean of the energy received from the sun was investigated. The results showed that the slope difference, the direction of altitude, and the energy received from the sun are statistically significant at P> 0.05. For non-scree slopes points only significant difference was found between the energy factor and the random points, and in other factors there was no significant difference in the level of P> 0.05. The effect of the slope factor is 25 to 35 degrees, to the southeastern direction, the amount of sunshine and the direction of the range is greater than the other classes in the distribution of debris.  
Extended Abstract
1-Introduction
Identification of topographic factors and their effects on distribution of rock mass destruction is one of the most important tools for management and protection of natural hazards in mountainous regions. This can be risky in terms of rainfall and inappropriate interference in the environment. Stone deposition is a demonstration of active processes of destruction and erosion on the slopes. The Paveh and Oramanat Highlands: There are many destructive areas. The northern and southern slopes of the Hashtagh Mountain, which are parts of the Zagros Mountain belt, have a steep gradient. The average annual rainfall is 650 mm and the average annual temperature is estimated to be 13.5 ° C. At high altitudes, snow and ice are dominant in the winter and spring months. Sloping slopes, and deep valleys are the main characteristics of this area. The sun's shadow, in these complications and the deep valley, is further increased. The slopes located in the shade of the sun, the snow cover is more. Morphology is a combination of slopes, shapes and slopes distributed at various altitude levels. In terms of rock formations, the complex is composed of Sarvak, Garu, Ilam and Amiran. Thick lime and thin layer of dark gray with organic marls rich in gravel formations. On the Gora Formation, there are thick limestone limestones of the Ilam Formation. The Elam Formation here is a fine-grained, fine-grained limestone with regular layering, in which thin layers of black shale are also seen. The northern and southern edges of the Mount of Fire are composed of rocks of the Ilam Formation.
2-Materials and Methods
Due to mechanical destruction and weathering of the rocks on the slopes, there is evidence of Screeslope. Since scree slope is distributed on slopes and directions, the effects of slope, direction and height on the morphological behavior of the scree are not the same. To identify and distinguish this phenomenon, the Sentinel image was used in a supervised classification. After classifying the image, the classes were divided in scree and non-scree. A Google image with field views was used to control the classification results. An area of ​​120 square kilometers was identified on the classified image. The network was designed in two dimensions in two kilometers. Fourteen and nineteen degraded areas were identified within this network. Lithological and climatic geo-factors are assumed to be the same and the same 120 kilometers square. In the next step, morphometric parameters were calculated from a 30-meter elevation digital model. The slope parameters, aspect slopes, curvature, hypsometry and solar radiation were extracted using digital elevation model and ArcMap functions. The gradient factor were classified in five classes (treatment), the aspect slopes in eight treatments, and solar radiation in five treatments. Characteristics of these parameters are assigned to the degradation areas. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to ensure that the data were normal. Non-destructive place data were detected at a confidence level of -0.15 p-value> normal. However, the data after the conversion of the box-box were normalized (p-value> 0.13). In the normal test, assuming the data is normal, a descriptive statistical descriptor for the distribution of variance was extracted in terms of factors and treatments. Variation points were randomly selected, their morphological characteristics were calculated, 419 degraded areas were identified, for each slope, slope, elevation and energy received from the sun were calculated for each range. The comparison of the average parameters of each limitation to the analysis of variance was done. Variance between dependent variable and slope factors, direction of amplitude, altitude, form earth, the average energy received from the sun was investigated.
3-Results and Discussion
The results showed that the difference in slope, aspect slopes, energy received from the sun and the shape of aspect slopes and height in the distribution of scree was statistically significant at P> 0.05. For non-destructive points only significant difference was found between the energy factor and the random points, and in other factors there was no significant difference in the level of P> 0.05. The contribution of the slope factor, namely, 35 to 25 degrees, is much higher than the other treatments in the southeast. The effect of the amount of sun radiation and the direction of the aspect seems to be a large contribution to the distribution of the level of irrigation in the region. These factors  seem to be affecting the debris flow. Despite the fact that the studied area was very rough; slope, elevation, and different solar radiation were classified into regular classes, but tendency to accumulate degradation was observed in special classes. 50% of the scree was distributed at a height of 1500 to 1800 m. The focus of burial activity in the small altitudinal area, as well as the slopes of 25 ° to 35 °, is that the eastern slopes indicate the existence of special patterns in the distribution of scree. Even the distribution of scree surfaces has spread through the waterways due to displacement caused by rainfall, flood and snow avalanches.
4-Conclusion
Geomorphologic and statistical analyses were performed to analyze how morphometric features may contribute to degradation. The distribution of scree showed that destructive activities are active in the walls and rocky cliffs. Bright, uncovered, and rocky fall, the distribution of the gravel with the characteristics of slope, the direction of the slope, the altitude and the effect of the slope and direction of the slope on the solar radiation values ​​were investigated. Four patterns were identified for the distribution of varieties. The first pattern, in the direction of the southeast, east, and northeast, was more than other directions in the degradation dispersion. In the second pattern, the highest frequency variation was observed in the slope of 25 to 35 degrees. In the third pattern, the vibrant active focus is on the altitudes of 1500 meters to 1800 meters above the sea level. Fourth pattern is classified based on the radiation