Environmental challenges and its impact on rural settlement in Badrabad Village Using Grounded Theory Method

Despite the crucial role of rural areas in producing raw materials, there have always been a number of serious problems bothering this community. Unfortunately, environmental challenges have been affecting different aspects of rural life having the ability to destroy their life. The present qualitative study focuses on environmental challenges of Bdrabad (Located in the Rawansar township in Kermanshah Province) trying to identify the effects of these challenges. was selected people in the study Purposive sampling and needed information Were collected through In-depth interview and The focus groups in two steps (First, identify environmental challenges and secondly, Identify the effects of environmental challenges to the villagers). For data collection, at first, some meeting groups were arranged (5 focus groups with 6 to 9), then there were 19 direct observations and 14 individual interviews. Moreover, as the second step, there were 15 direct observations and 17 individual interviews.  3 centered groups with 6 to 11 participants per group. Grounded theory method was applied to analyze the data. The results showed that the most important environmental challenges in the village of Bdrabad are considered as destruction of meadows, reduced water resources, the disappearance of wildlife, garbage and waste, air pollution, soil erosion, the destruction of forest trees, problems arising from the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers and infrastructure management problems. The findings also revealed that the most important effects of environmental challenges to the rural area are regarded loss of livestock and poultry, economic challenges, threaten food security, challenges relating to employment, changes in cropping pattern and psychological challenges and health.
Extended Abstract
1- Introduction
Ignoring  the existing environmental challenges has created undesirable effects Such as prevalence of diseases, wasting of resources and assets, water shortage, soil erosion, deforestation, air pollution and water and soil pollution. Moreover, it has caused environmental challenges to a global issue; as a matter of fact, environmental challenges in today's world has attracted the attention of many researchers. In fact, villagers, as the country's major manufacturers of raw materials, play an important and undeniable role in providing platforms for developing countries. However, there have been some problems to communities. Environmental challenges are the most important environmental problems facing society, including rural communities over the past few years, the destruction of this old society's ability to influence all aspects of village life. Present qualitative research is trying to investigate and identify the effects of these challenges on the environmental challenges of Bdrabad (located in the Ravansar- Kermanshah Province).
Finding a rational answer to the research problem, the authors have selected Badrabad village, as a suitable representative of rural settlements in Ravansar County in terms of natural and social characteristics, based on their local experiences and interviews with experts.
2- Materials and Methods
In the present study, Badrabad village, with a population of approximately 372 and 95 families, was selected as a case study. Based on the reports of Statistical Center of Iran, unemployment rate was is approximately 45 percent, while in the agricultural, services and industry sectors, employment stands 73%, 21% and 6%, respectively.
In the current research, the subjects were selected using purposive sampling. Depth interviews were used to collect data. Besides, as another step, there were some groups in two stages (Phase I and Phase II environmental challenges identified, the identification of environmental challenges to the villagers) whose data were analyzed using grounded theory approach.
3-Results and Discussion
The findings showed that degraded pastures, reduction of water resources, the loss of wildlife, garbage and waste, air pollution soil erosion,  forest degradation, problems arising from the use of pesticides and fertilizers and infrastructure management problems, are considered as the most important environmental challenges in Bdrabad village. They having some negative impacts on the residents of Bdrabad like loss of livestock and poultry, economic challenges, threatening the food security challenge of the employment, change in cropping pattern and psychological challenges.
4- Conclusion
The present study proves close links between different dimensions of sustainable development. Since environmental challenges, as one of the aspects of sustainable development, affect other aspects of sustainable development in different ways, such as lower levels of income, change jobs and reducing the variety of jobs, immigration, sickness, and mental insecurity. Lack of attention to dimensions of sustainable development will definitely be doomed to failure. So, the environment requires special attention. Therefore, environment, as a base of the activities to achieve sustainable development, should be considered in any decision-making and planning.