An Analysis and Evaluation of Spatial Planning Performance of Rural Spaces Using Decision Making Models MABAC and BWM (A Case Study: Parts of Delfan City, Lorestan Province)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Method of the article is within the framework of library studies, also the BWM weighting method and the MABAC prioritization model were employed to analyze the criteria and approaches governing the parts in question. The results indicated that the planning performance in the areas under investigation was at a low level and the performance level of the sub-divisions of Delfan city was mostly explicated based on the compatibility approach. So that among the approaches and criteria influencing the planning of parts under study, based on the opinion of 22 experts of the city, the compatibility approach with a weight of 0.421 had the most weight in the performance of the parts of Delfan city. This means that in the subset of subjective and objective elements based on the compatibility approach and compatibility criteria, the following items have most importance in the planning performance of rural spaces in the parts under study including: distance from highways; distance from the main roads; distance from medical and hospital facilities; distance from military and law enforcement centers; proximity to cultural facilities; proximity to sports facilities; effectiveness, economic efficiency and flexibility of location; harmonization with cultural norms and social values; the capacity to job creation and income increase; the degree of adaptation to climate change; the degree of compatibility with the thinking of decision makers and policy makers; accessibility to resource distribution; the level of access to the quality of land, water, and raw materials; the level of infrastructure quality; compatibility with the composition, arrangement, layout and shape of villages. Finally, with the integrated model, the central part compared with other parts of Delfan city enjoyed the greatest planning performance.
 
Extended Abstract
1-Introduction
A cohesive and effective spatial organization is based on statistics and the application of implementation methods to achieve sustainable development in the framework of national development based on the approved principles of land use planning, including the unity and integrity of the land, facilitating and regulating internal and external relations, expanding social justice and balances, regional, efficiency, and economic efficiency, etc. These policies affect various dimensions of individual and social life of people as well as affect at the level of countries and even internationally, and that is why they are expanding, and in the future, they will play a much more important role in life. Spatial planning aims to identify the spatial distribution of development as well as identify spatial discriminations and injustices.  Once the imbalance in the spatial distribution of development indicators are intensified, it will progressively exacerbates the spatial imbalance of facilities and population, and at the same time, it intensifies not only  the concentration of indicators in the places that are currently suffering from the problem of concentration of facilities and population, but also, it pushes away population and facilities from the deprived areas, consequently, leading to more imbalance in the geographical space. Therefore, it seems necessary to address the conditions of regional land use planning.
 
2-Materials and Methods
Delfan is one of the cities of Lorestan province. It comprises three parts, 12 rural districts and 500 villages, of which 422 villages are inhabited, and relative density is 4.5 people per square kilometer.  According to the best-worst method presented by Rezaei (2015), the best and worst indicators are determined by the decision maker and pairwise comparisons are made between each of these two indicators (best and worst) and the other indicators. Then a maximum-minimum problem is formulated and solved to determine the weight of different indicators; in addition, a formula is taken into account to calculate the inconsistency rate in order to check the validity of the comparisons. With respect to consistency ratio and other evaluation criteria: minimum difference, total deviation and conformity, the performance of BWM is significantly better than AHP. The salient features of this method compared to existing MCDM methods are Minimum variance, total deviation, and compliance, for which less comparative data is needed; and it leads to more consistent comparisons, which means it creates more reliable results.
MABAC (The Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison) method is one of the state-of-the-art multi-criteria decision-making methods developed at the University Defense Research Center in Belgrade and it is used to weight criteria and evaluate alternatives. It includes seven steps as follows: in the first step, the research criteria and alternatives are determined, in the second step, the decision-making matrix is ​​constructed, and in the third step, indicators are normalized by assigning weight to the desired indicators, then, in the fourth step, the weighted normalized matrix is computed, and in the fifth step, the border of the estimation area is obtained. In the sixth step, the distance of the alternative from the border approximation is computed. And finally, in the seventh step, the final value of each alternative is specified and the alternatives are ranked (based on the comprehensive evaluation result) accordingly.
              
3- Results and Discussion
Rural development as a territorial and space-based category, not just as a sectorial category, considers the process of reconstruction of a rural community based on new ideas and vision in order to organize an honorable life and the right to development. Therefore, spatial planning refers to methods used to impact the distribution of population and activities in spaces with various scales. Hence, spatial planning presents the geographical manifestation of economic, social, cultural, and ecological policies
Therefore, the spatial planning of rural areas should be investigated, particularly with respect to approaches such as area-centered, network-centered, participatory methods, and so on. Since the stability of rural areas depends on implementing appropriate programs for spatial planning of these areas, the appropriate implementation of such approaches affect them. So, if these approaches are effectively followed and implemented by the people involved in spatial planning, they will lead to territorial, demographic, and activity stability of the regions. Otherwise, they will prepare the ground for instability in the regions, and cause the spatial balance of the territory to be disturbed.
With the help of a panel of experts, spatial planning functions of the rural spaces of Delfan city were first identified. To achieve this aim, the criteria for decision-making were determined, and they were given points from the experts' point of view. The panel of experts included the officials of district administration (7 people), natural resources (3 people), Agricultural Jihad (4 people), municipality (1 person), governor (2 people) and related graduates (5 people). In the best and worst method, it was investigated that the most important factor affecting areas was the compatibility. However, in order to prioritize the regions, the regions under study were ranked by means of MABAC model. According to the stages of this model, the central part with the highest score was ranked first, and Khave and Kakavand parts were ranked second and third respectively.
 
4- Conclusion
In the current research, the effective performance on the Spatial planning of rural spaces in Delfan city were identified , which  can be classified into four categories in terms of Spatial planning: high impact adaptation performance; medium impact strategic and area-oriented performance; Participatory performance, ecosystem-oriented performance and weak-impact integration and highly-weak-impact network-oriented performance. Therefore, based on the total factors affecting the spatial planning of the region, the adaptation performance can be considered as the most important element that affects the spatial planning of the city's parts.

Keywords

References

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