Investigating the Factors Influencing the Behavior of Wheat Growers in Kermanshah County toward Adaptation to Climate Change

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Agricultural Development, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran

Abstract

The agricultural sector is highly vulnerable to climate change, so that this change is considered a serious threat to the agricultural sector. Considering that the increasing importance of farmers' adaptation to these changes and their adverse effects, the need to study the factors influencing adaptation behavior with climate change is becoming more and more important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the behavior of wheat growers in Kermanshah County toward adaptation to climate change. The study population is all wheat growers' of Kermanshah County (N=30000). A statistical sample is 380 Wheat growers' that are determined by Krejcie and Morgan table. A Multi-Stage Random Sampling is used to select the samples. The data gathering tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, whose face validity is confirmed by two faculty members of Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan and one member of the faculty of Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University. The reliability of the main scales of the questionnaires is examined by Cronbach Alpha coefficients, which ranged from 0.72 to 0.89, indicating the tool of study is reliable. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between risk perception, belief in climate change and trust in government institutions with variable growers' adaptation behavior. This means that increasing the variables of perception of risk perception, belief in climate change and trust in government institutions will increase the growers' adaptation behavior. Besides, the results show that the variables of belief in climate change, risk perception, trust in government institutions and trust in experts has effects on adaptation behaviors of climate change. Finally, based on research findings, some suggestions are presented to increase the adaptability of farmers.
Extended Abstract
1-Introduction
Global climate change is widely viewed as one of the most significant challenges facing society today and is considered to be the main threat to sustainable food security in developing countries. Climate change refers to a variation in temperature and rainfall records, occurring for decades or longer. This phenomenon occurs because of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, urbanization and industrialization. According to the intergovernmental panel on climate change, the evidence suggests that global warming observed for the last 50 years is attributed to human activities. It is estimated that agriculture contributes between 10% and 15% of global anthropogenic ghg emissions including nitrous oxide (n2o), methane (ch4), and carbon dioxide (co2).
Given the predictions that the effects of climate change are going to worsen in future vis a vis the need to feed a burgeoning population, there is a need for natural and human systems to adapt across geographical, time and ecological scales to safeguard the already fragile food security situation. One of the ways communities can adjust to climate change is through adaptation. Adaptation to climate change in agricultural production refers to adjustments in farming activities or methods to suit the changes in climatic conditions to lessen the resultant potential damages.
In spite of the importance and influence of psychological factors in the formation of perceptions, cognition and behavior of individuals in the context of climate change, there are few studies in Iran regarding farmers' adaptation to climate change and adaptation strategies used by farmers. Therefore, this research aims to investigating the factors influencing the behavior of wheat growers in Kermanshah County toward adaptation to climate change.
2-Materials and Methods
In this study, a survey research method was used, and the main tool for data collection was a questionnaire. The study population was all wheat growers' Kermanshah county (n=30000). Statistical sample was 380 wheat growers' determined by Krejcie and Morgan table. A multi-stage random sampling was used to collect data from grower using questionnaire. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose face validity was confirmed by two faculty members of department of agricultural extension and education, agricultural sciences and natural resources university of khuzestan and one member of the faculty of environmental sciences research institute, Shahid Beheshti University. Moreover, Cranach alpha reliability coefficients for the pilot study assessment were employed to refine the questions to be prepared for the final questionnaire (0.72 to 0.89). To analyze the information, structural equation modeling and statistical analysis methods were used. They were calculated by spss24 and amos22 software.
3-Results and Discussion
Regarding demographic variables, the age of the participants is suggested to have a range from 25 to 84 with a mean value of 48.67 years (s.d. = 12.47). The sample consisted of 13 female farmers (3.7%) and 337 male farmers (96.3%). A Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between all variables. The results revealed a significant relationship between adaptation behavior and other variables, including risk perception, belief in climate change and trust in government institutions. The trust in experts was not significantly related to adaptation behavior. We analyzed empirical data from the survey with the help of structural equation modeling. Adaptation behaviors was selected as the dependent variable and belief in climate change, risk perception, trust in government institutions and trust in experts as independent variables and entered into the sem. Path relationships revealed that the variables of belief in climate change, risk perception, trust in government institutions and trust in experts has direct effects on the variable positive adaptation behaviors of climate change. Collectively, these variables are capable, 20 percent of the variability adaptation behaviors of climate change. The most effective variable to predict adaptation behavior of farmers in the face of climate change was a belief in climate change that has a direct and significant effect on growers' adaptation behavior.
4-Conclusion
The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the behavior of wheat growers in Kermanshah County toward adaptation to climate change. In this study, the relationship and the effect of five factors influencing the adaptation behavior of wheat farmers under climate change conditions was investigated. The results of this study showed that if farmers in Kermanshah County believe the knowledge and information provided by experts and experts in the agricultural sector as governmental organizations such as agriculture Jihad, their belief in climate change is strengthened. As a result of government organizations, experts can help them to cope with climate change and its effects more easily. On the other hand, the possibility for a better understanding of the dangers of climate change has increased and, overall, the likelihood of pursuing measures that contribute to their adaptation to climate change is rising.
 
 

Keywords

References

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