On the Study of Unbalanced Development and its Changes in Geographical Regions of Iran (Case Study: Lorestan Province)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Abstract Extended
1- Introduction
Comprehensive excellence and growth of human beings are the general goal of development in each society. As a matter of fact, regional inequality and different rate of development are due to the inability in optimal use of a region natural potentials compared with other regions. One of the most important kind of inequality is spatial inequality. In Iran, like other developing countries, one of the significant features in the national spatial development is the presence of regional and spatial disparities which makes the necessity of research inevitable. Nowadays, recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of each region is considered as a kind of necessity for planning. Using different indices can be appropriate enough not only to determine the status area but also, as a factor, to solve the problems of development. Accessing to statistical data on different indices in various areas and processing them using statistical models are regarded as the important steps to achieve the desired goals.
 Development and been developed are the concepts that have no precise definition and comprehensive agreement for them. According to Friedman, development is a creative process and an innovation to make fundamental changes in the social system. In contrast, underdevelopment is an economic condition or development in a region or country that does not have the necessary equipment for initial growth and a high proportion of its resources should be allocated to agricultural work. In recent years, the sustainability concepts and sustainable development in social, economic and environmental policies have attracted a lot of attentions. Focus on regional planning is as one of the important administrative policies to reduce inequalities. It is defined as a way to regulate and coordinate various programs like economic and social programs with local requirements and capabilities.
The studying region is Lorestan located in the west and southwest of the country. Lorestan is consist of 10 cities, 25 towns, 27 districts and 84 villages. Its capital is Khoramabad.
2- Materials and Methodology
The research method is of a descriptive – analytic one. The data and statistics about incises are derived from statistics and year-books. In this study, VIKOR ranking and the Shannon entropy method are applied to rating of the region and weighting to variables respectively. The focus of facilities in the regions is calculated by the models of concentration and distribution coefficients. The data are related to years 1996 and 2014. In this study, Excel and Spss are applied for statistical calculations, while GIS software is used to make graphic maps.
VIKOR is one of the new methods for solving multi-criteria decision-making that aims at choosing the best option based on the most possible answer to the ideal answer.
3- Results and Discussion
In the present study, VIKOR technique has been used to leveling the regions. In the first stage, the matrix of primary data is formed. In the second stage, the matrix data will be normalized. Then, in the third stage, the values of Salutary (S) and Regret (R) are calculated. In the fourth stage, the final VIKOR coefficient (Q), as a base for raking the options, is then calculated. In the final step, the cities are ranked based on the values of Q, R, and S.
At this stage, the cities are prioritized from the smallest to the biggest based on the values of Q, R, S. In fact, the city with the smallest Q is considered as the best city if and only if the following conditions are provided:
Condition A: If A1 and A2 have the first and second rank among m options.
Condition B: Option A1 must be recognized as the top one at least in one of the R or S group. According to the obtained values, the second condition is establishing during the period 1996-2014.
Azna and Khoramabad has the highest relative growth, while Delfan has the highest decline. However, Borujourd & Selseleh has no significant change in the period. During the period, the inequality in development levels of the city regions is continuing. The province's major axis of development exists in the eastern part, along the north-south transit route (Tehran) and center of Iran (Esfahan). In contrast, the western part of Kermanshah failed be successful enough and developed less, although it was a communication axis.
The concentration coefficient is 9.64 and 10.94 in 1996 and 2014 respectively. The difference of concentration coefficient for the periods is 1.3 for the province which reveals that the centralization has had a growing process. In 1996, the highest focus of facilities is for Khoramabad and Aligoodarz, while the lowest concentration coefficient belongs to Borujerd and Kouhadasht. In 2014, the highest centralization in facility distribution is in Khoramabad and Aligoodarz, while the lowest is in Kouhadasht and Dowrehcheginy.  The findings of all three models indicate that there is inequality in all levels in Lorestan. This inequality is in both having the blessing of development and facility distribution.
4- Conclusion
The findings reveal that the regional inequality is apparent in all levels of the province, as there is no logical relationship among the abilities, environmental conditions and the development level. In the following, according to the findings, some strategies are presented to reduce the inequality. They aim at achieving the regional balance in the province:


Development of urban and rural public services


Promotion of human development, social and cultural indices in accordance with the requirements of development


Development of industrial activities, especially in the less developed cities which have the special industrial capabilities


Creating the fair opportunities to access education through the urban and rural regions


Health promotion of cities, covering health facilities and services through the urban and rural regions


Increasing the rate of production and productivity of crops


 Increasing the public and private investment


Planning based on the facilities and the limitations of each city

Keywords

References

ازکیا، مصطفی (1387) مقدّمه‌ای بر جامعه‌شناسی توسعة روستایی، انتشارات اطّلاعات، تهران.
اسماعیل­زاده، حسن؛ کفاش، اعظم؛ حیدری، سمیرا؛ روی­دل، جابر (1393) تحلیل عدالت فضایی برخورداری از خدمات حمل و نقل و ارتباطات در جغرافیای استان‌های مرزی (مطالعة موردی: شهرستان­های استان خراسان شمالی)، فصلنامة جغرافیایی سرزمین، 11 (44)،صص. 61-45.
بهشتی، محمد باقر (1382) توسعة اقتصادی ایران، انتشارات دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز.
پاپلی یزدی، محمد حسین؛ رجبی سناجردی، حسین (١٣٨٢) نظریه‌های شهر و پیرامون، انتشارات سمت، تهران.
توفیق، فیروز (1384) آمایش سرزمین: تجربة جهانی و انطباق آن با وضع ایران، انتشارات مرکز مطالعات و پژوهشات شهرسازی و معماری ایران، تهران.
چلپی، مسعود (1375) جامعه‌شناسی نظم، نشر نی، تهران.
رضایی، علی‌اکبر (1390) برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای برای مدیران، انتشارات پرستا، تهران.
زیاری، کرامت الله (1390) اصول و روش‌های برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
شکویی، حسین (1382) دیدگاه‌های نو در جغرافیایی شهری، انتشارات سمت، تهران.
قره­باغیان، مرتضی (1365) اخلاق و توسعه، یک بررسی تطبیقی و تاریخی، نشریة علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، 63 (2)،صص. 21-4.
سلیمی­فر، مصطفی (1379) مطالعة روند تغییرات سطوح توسعة صنعتی و توسعة منطقه‌ای در ایران طی دورة 75-55، مجلّة پژوهشات اقتصادی، 33 (61)،صص. 105-77.
کلانتری، خلیل (1381) نقدی بر متدلوژی سنجش توسعة انسانی، فصلنامة تحقیقات جغرافیایی، 8 (42)،صص. 58-40.
معصومی اشکوری، سید حسن (1370) اصول و مبانی برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، انتشارات سازمان برنامه و بودجه، رشت.
موسی کاظمی، سید مهدی (1380) توسعة پایدار شهری: مفاهیم و دیدگاه‌ها، مجلّة پژوهشات جغرافیایی، 62، صص. 46-28.
نراقی، یوسف (1372) توسعه و کشورهای توسعه‌نیافته، شرکت سهامی انتشار، تهران.
یاسوری، مجید (1388) بررسی نابرابری منطقه‌ای در استان خراسان رضوی، مجلّة جغرافیا و توسعة ناحیه‌ای، 7 (12)، صص. 221-203.
Alexander, E.R. (2006) evaluation in planning: Evaluaation and prospects, Ashegata publishing.
Bono, F, Cuffaro, M., Giaimo, R. (2007) Regional Inequalities in Consumption Patterns: A Multilevel Approach to the Case of Italy, International Statistical Review, 75 (1), pp. 39-54.
Cheng, j. Y., Zhang, M. (1999) Regional Differencess and Sastainable Development in China, journal of Chinese political Science, 20 (14), pp. 8-21.
Dave, Robinson. (2000) Nietzche and Postmodernism, second published, Icon Books, U. K.
Dodds, R., venables, R. (2005) Engineering for Sustainable Development Guiding Pinciples, the Royal Academy of engineering.
Kirk Patrik, C. (2001) Development of Criteria to Assess the Effectiveness of National Strategies for Sustainable Development Institute for Development Policy, Thailand, UMP- Asia Oceasional, P 79
Moltk, K.V. (2002) Government and International Civil Society in Sastainable Development: A framework, International Environment Agreements: politics, law and Economics2
Pacione, M. (2003) Urban Geography, A Global Perspective, 2th, London: Routledge
Potter, J. F. (1997) Sastainable Development, the Environmenttalist.
Sinemillioglu, M. (2008) Sustainable Regional Develipment and an to Approach to Decreasing Regional Disparities in Turkey, Did university department of architecture.
Taylor, J. (2002) Sastainable Development a Dubious Solution in Search of a Problem, policy analysis, 449, pp. 1-18.
Geography and Environmental Sustainability
Volume 5, Issue 3 - Serial Number 16
November 2015
Pages 101-117

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics