تحلیل سری زمانی فرونشست زمین در غرب استان تهران (دشت شهریار) و ارتباط آن با برداشت آب‌های زیرزمینی با تکنیک تداخل‌سنجی راداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکدة جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکدة جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکدة جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

فرونشست زمین به­مثابة یکی از انواع مخاطرات طبیعی و زمین‌شناسی به­شمار می­آید که می­تواند به­طور طبیعی یا براثر فعّالیّت­های انسانی همچون برداشت درازمدّت آب زیرزمینی و کشاورزی سنّتی حاصل شود. در دو دهة اخیر پیرو رخداد تغییرات اقلیم و خشکسالی­های پیاپی از یک­سو و نیز مدیریت غیر اصولی منابع آب، برداشت بی­رویة آب­های زیرزمینی و رشد فزایندة جمعیّت، سبب رخداد فرونشست در استان تهران به­ویژه منطقة دشتی واقع در غرب استان شده است. به‌طور کلّی هدف از پژوهش حاضر پایش و اندازه­گیری فرونشست زمین با استفاده از رویکرد تداخل­سنجی راداری و همچنین تحلیل و بررسی ارتباط بین تغییرات سطح آب­های زیرزمینی و فرونشست زمین در غرب استان تهران است. بدین­منظور از سری زمانی تصاویر ماهوارة ENVISAT-ASAR از سال 2003 تا 2010 بهره گرفته شد. به­منظور تحلیل سری زمانی جابه­جایی سطح زمین و تولید نقشة متوسّط نرخ جا­به­جایی، از الگوریتم زیرمجموعة خطّ مبنای کوتاه (SBAS) استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل سری زمانی داده­های تداخل­سنجی نشان­دهندة رخداد فرونشست به­صورت پیوسته در زمین­های کشاورزی منطقه است که سرعت میانگین تغییر شکل درراستای خطّ دید ماهواره حاصل از تحلیل سری زمانی، جابه­جایی را با نرخ متوسّط 10- سانتی­متر و حداکثر 27- سانتی­متر در سال در منطقة دشتی نشان می­دهد؛ همچنین نتایج حاصل از بررسی تغییرات سطح آب زیرزمینی در وازده چاهک مشاهداتی برای بازة زمانی مورد بررسی در منطقة مورد مطالعه نیز نشان­دهندة کاهش به­طور متوسّط ۵/۰ تا ۵/۱ متری سطح آب در آبخوان منطقه است. همبستگی کلّی بین تغییرات سطح آب زیرزمینی و میزان فرونشست، معادل ۴۵/۸۹% تخمین زده شد که نشانگر وابستگی رخداد فرونشست و برداشت آب­های زیرزمینی در منطقه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


حقیقت­مهر، پریسا؛ ولدان­زوج، محمدجواد؛ تاجیک، رضا؛ جباری، سعید؛ صاحبی، محمودرضا؛ اسلامی، رضا؛ گنجیان، مصطفی؛ دهقانی، مریم (1391) تحلیل سری زمانی فرونشست هشتگرد با استفاده از روش تداخل‌سنجی راداری و سامانه موقعیت‌یابی جهانی. علوم زمین، ۲۲ (۸۵)، 105-114.
سلیمانی، مسعود؛ حمزه، سعید؛ پاپی، رامین (1397). پتانسیل‌یابی اراضی مستعدّ کشت گردو در استان تهران با روش Fuzzy AHP. نشریة حفاظت منابع آب­وخاک، 8 (1)، 49-72.
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